Korean grammar - Adjectives from action verbs

Adjectives from action verbs

Transforming a verb into a noun can be useful: 'to skip' ⇒ 'skipping' so that we can say 'the skipping person is my brother' or 'the person who is skipping is my brother'.

In Korean this is straightforward and depends on the tense:

• Past tense: Verb stem + (으)ㄴ

• Present tense: Verb stem + 는

• Future tense: Verb stem + (으)ㄹ

Examples:
	소파에서 잔 사람이 누구였어요? Who is that person who slept on the sofa? 잔 사람 - the person who slept (past tense) 자다 (to sleep) ⇒ 잔
	도착한 기차는 대구에서 왔어요. The train that arrived came from Daegu. 도착한 기차 - the train that arrived (past tense) 도착하다 (to arrive) ⇒ 도착한
	윤수가 산 전화기가 작동하지 않아요. The phone that Yoonsu bought doesn't work. 산 전화 - the phone that was bought (past tense) 사다 (to buy)⇒ 산
	지난주에 간 식당이 문을 닫았어요. The restaurant I went to last week is closed (door is closed). 간 식당 - the restaurant to which (we) went (past tense): 가다 (to go) ⇒ 간
	잠자는 공주는 긴 검은 머리를 가졌어요. The sleeping princess has long black hair. 잠자는 공주 - the princess who is sleeping (present tense) 잠자다 (to sleep) ⇒ 잠자는
	차를 운전하는 사람은 누구예요? Who is the person driving the car? 운전하는 사람 - the person who is driving (present tense) 운전하다 (to drive) ⇒ 운전하는
	자는 시간에는 음악을 들어요. I listen to music during sleep time/bedtime. 자는 시간 - the time for sleeping (present tense) 자다 (to sleep)⇒ 자는
	오늘 저녁에 먹을 한국 음식은 뭐예요? What’s the Korean dish that we’ll eat for dinner today? 먹을 한국 음식 - the Korean food that (we) will eat (future tense) 먹다 (to eat) ⇒ 먹을
	다음 달에 학교에 갈 사람은 저예요. I am the person who will go to school next month. 갈 사람 - the person who will go (future tense) 가다 (to go) ⇒ 갈
	우리가 갈 곳은 멀어요. The place we will go is far. 갈 곳 - to place to where (we) will go (future tense) 가다 (to go) ⇒ 갈
	내일 신을 신발은 새 거예요. The shoes I will wear tomorrow are new ones. 신을 신발 - the shoes that (I) will wear (future tense) 신다 (to wear) ⇒ 신을
	아버지가 요리한 음식을 먹어 봤어요? Did you try the food father cooked? 요리한 음식 - the food that was cooked (past tense) 요리하다 (to cook) ⇒ 요리한
	저기 말하는 사람은 누구예요? Who's that talking person over there? 말하는 사람 - the person who is talking (present tense) 말하다 (to speak, talk) ⇒ 말하는
	제가 사랑하는 여자는 착한 사람이에요. The girl I love is a good person. 사랑하는 여자 - the girl that (I) love (present tense) 사랑하다 (to love) ⇒ 사랑하는
	지금 도착한 현우가 가장 친한 친구에요. Hyunwoo who just arrived is my best friend. 도착한 현우 - Hyunwoo (who) arrived (past tense) 도착하다 (to arrive) ⇒ 도착한